Unemployment in California

Unemployment in California Unemployment in California As a result of the current increase in the unemployment rate in California, this paper will discuss an article by Semuels (2011) on â€Å"California unemployment rate hits 12.1% as employers slash jobs† posted on the Los Angeles Times on September 17, 2011.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unemployment in California specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction On August this year, California’s employers slashed some jobs resulting to an increase in the unemployment rate by 0.1% to 12.1%; the job loss was due to uncertainty arising from the economy recovery leading to reduction of payrolls by 8,400 (Semuels, 2011). The increase in unemployment rate has raised some signs of worries in the labor market in California, but the situation is turning around since this year alone the California’s jobs increased by 98,500 (Semuels, 2011). The unemployment rate increased due to va rious reasons such as uncertainty arising from the slow growth in the economy, current slide in the stock market and the debt crisis from the European region, which spooked the employers; as a result employment was delayed awaiting the restoration of the market confidence. The unemployment was also triggered by differences in Washington on how to sustain the economy; this was evident as state and local agencies cut positions in order to reduce costs and in the process 3,600 positions were lost by the government in California (Semuels, 2011). In the USA, Nevada has the highest unemployment rate followed by California and the chronic unemployment has affected many families in California because the families’ income is currently less than federal’s poverty level of 16.3%, an increase of 1% compared to year 2010. Therefore, approximately 2.2 million young people in California live in such families where children have a higher chance of not going to college compared to chil dren from richer families. These less fortunate families are likely to have poor health and they may also engage in illegal activities (Semuels, 2011). In order to reduce the unemployment Obama sanctioned work-sharing plan that was implemented in Europe in the attempts to avoid layoffs by distributing the pain amongst the co-workers, and also contentious bridge-to-work plan, which will provide temporary work or training to individuals relying on unemployment benefits thus putting them on a pathway to regular jobs (Semuels, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Obama also suggested part of the stimulus bill worth $447,000 million be used as tax credit of $4,000 employers. The Obama’s main objective was to rescue individuals relying on funds from unemployment insurance considering the real economic situations given that about 6 million employees in the US ( approximately 43%) of unemployed individuals have so far survived without work for at least six months (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011; Lee and Puzzanghera, 2011). As a result many employees have been discouraged and have withdrawn from the labor market altogether; if they remain unemployed for a long time this will mean that they will suffer the results of permanent unemployment which would drastically cut their income levels. This is a severe problem in US since it implies that the country will be less productive making it harder for the nation to make payments to Medicare, infrastructures and defense that affects everybody. Therefore, it is completely evident that the huge amount of resources pumped towards alleviating unemployment is a massive waste (Lee and Puzzanghera, 2011). In conclusion, the US must spend money in capital investments so as to create more jobs for its people thus reducing the rate of unemployment and hence increasing productivity which will eventually incr ease services and goods available for consumption thereby enabling investments and exports. References Bureau of Labor Statistics (2011). Regional and State employment and unemployment – August 2011. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/laus.pdf Lee, D. and Puzzanghera, J. (2011, September 9). Obama suggests changing unemployment system. Los Angeles Times, p.1. Retrieved from https://www.latimes.com/ Semuels, A. (2011, September 17). California unemployment rate hits 12.1% as employers slash jobs. Los Angeles Times, p.1. Retrieved from https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2011-sep-17-la-fi-california-jobs-20110917-story.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unemployment in California specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

The Rise and Fall of the Automat

The Rise and Fall of the Automat It all sounds so futuristic: a restaurant without waiters, without workers behind the counter, without any visible employees whatsoever, where you simply feed your money into a glass-enclosed kiosk, remove a steaming plate of freshly made food, and carry it to your table. Welcome to  Horn Hardart, circa 1950, a restaurant chain that once boasted 40 locations in New York City and dozens more across the U.S., at a now-distant time when automats served hundreds of thousands of urban customers every day. The Origin of the Automat The automat is often considered to be an exclusively American phenomenon, but in fact, the worlds first restaurant of this kind opened in Berlin, Germany in 1895. Named Quisisana- after a company that also manufactured food-vending machinery- this high-tech eatery established itself in other northern European cities, and Quisisana soon licensed its technology to Joseph Horn and Frank Hardart, who opened the first American automat in Philadelphia in 1902. An Appealing Formula As with so many other societal trends, it was in turn-of-the-century New York that automats really took off. The first New York Horn Hardart opened in 1912, and soon the chain had hit on an appealing formula: customers exchanged dollar bills for handfuls of nickels (from attractive women behind glass booths, wearing rubber tips on their fingers), then fed their change into vending machines, turned the knobs, and extracted plates of meatloaf, mashed potatoes, and cherry pie, among hundreds of other menu items. Dining was communal and cafeteria-style, to the extent that Horn Hardart automats were considered a valuable corrective to the snobbery of so many New York City restaurants. Fresh-Brewed Coffee for a Nickel a Cup Its not widely known today, but Horn Hardart was also the first New York restaurant chain to offer its customers fresh-brewed coffee, for a nickel a cup. Employees were instructed to discard any pots that had been sitting for more than twenty minutes, a level of quality control that inspired Irving Berlin to compose the song Lets Have Another Cup of Coffee (which quickly became Horn Hardarts official jingle). There wasnt much (if any) choice, but in terms of reliability, Horn Hardart could be considered the 1950s equivalent of Starbucks. Behind the Scenes Given all the  high-tech accouterments and lack of visible personnel, Horn Hardart customers could be forgiven for thinking that their food had been prepared and handled by robots. Of course, that wasnt the case, and an argument can be made that automats succeeded at the expense of their hard-working employees. The managers of these restaurants still had to hire human beings to cook, convey food to the vending machines, and wash the silverware and dishesbut since all this activity went on behind the scenes, they got away with paying below-par wages and forcing employees to work overtime. In August of 1937, the AFL-CIO picketed Horn Hardarts across the city, protesting the chains unfair labor practices. In its heyday, Horn Hardart  succeeded partly because its eponymous founders refused to rest on their laurels. Joseph Horn and Frank Hardart ordered any food uneaten at the end of the day to be delivered to cut-price, day-old outlets, and also circulated a hefty, leather-bound rule book that instructed employees on the proper cooking and handling of hundreds of menu items. Horn and Hardart (the founders, not the restaurant) also constantly tinkered with their formula, assembling as often as possible at a sample table where they and their chief executives voted thumbs up or thumbs down on new menu items. Fading in Popularity by the 1970s By the 1970s, automats like Horn Hardart were fading in popularity, and the culprits were easy to identify. First, fast-food chains like McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken offered much more limited menus, but a more identifiable taste, and they also enjoyed the benefits of lower labor and food costs. Second, urban workers were less inclined to punctuate their days with leisurely lunches, complete with appetizer, main course, and dessert, and preferred to grab lighter meals on the fly; one imagines that the fiscal crisis in 1970s New York also encouraged more people to bring their meals to the office from home. Finally Went out of Business in 1991 By the end of the decade, Horn Hardart gave in to the inevitable and converted most of its New York City locations into Burger King franchises; the last Horn Hardart, on Third Avenue and 42nd Street, finally went out of business in 1991. Today, the only place you can see what Horn Hardart looked like  is in the Smithsonian Institution, which harbors a 35-foot-long chunk of the original 1902 restaurant, and this chains surviving vending machines are said to languish in a warehouse in upstate New York. Rebirth of the Concept No good idea ever truly disappears, though. Eatsa, which opened in San Francisco in 2015, seems unlike Horn Hardart in every way conceivable: every item on the menu is made with quinoa, and ordering is done via an iPad, after a brief interaction with a virtual maà ®tre d. But the basic concept is the same: with no human interaction at all, a customer can watch as her meal almost magically materializes in a small cubby flashing her name. In the food industry, it seems, the more things change, the more they stay the same!